Audiences and Institutions: Case Studies

Case Study Research:

A New Zealand Film: What We Do in the Shadows

Trailer:


Release Date: 19 June 2014 (NZ), 13 February 2015 (USA)

Budget: $1.6 million

Box Office: $7 million ($4)

Directors: Taika Waititi and Jemaine Clement

Writers: Taika Waititi and Jemaine Clement

A-list Actors: Taika Waititi

Controversy: The film was heavily pirated. After the shutting down of a piracy website based in Mount Wellington, Auckland, the website revealed that, at 277,000 downloads, What We Do in the Shadows is one of its most heavily pirated movies.

Distributed by: Madman Entertainment (NZ), Paramount Pictures (North America)

Synergy:
  • Wellington sign changed to 'Vellington'
  • Actors went into cinemas as the characters
  • TradeMe account auctioning props
  • Dating website (Dating with Viago 101)
  • Media screening fan events
  • Art competitions
Released to : Apple TV, AcademyonDemand



Hollywood Blockbuster: Avengers: Endgame

Trailer:


Date of Release: 24 April 2019

Budget: $356 million

Box Office: $2.798 billion (USD)

Directors: Joe Russo, Anthony Russo

Producer: Kevin Feige

Written by: Christopher Markus, Stephen McFeely

Distributed by: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures

A-list Actors:
  • Tom Holland
  • Robert Downey, Jr
  • Chris Evans
  • Mark Ruffalo
  • Chris Hemsworth
  • Scarlett Johansson
  • Jeremy Renner
  • Don Cheadle
  • Paul Rudd
  • Brie Larson
  • Karen Gillan
  • Danai Gurira
  • Benedict Wong
  • Jon Favreau
  • Bradley Cooper
  • Gwyneth Paltrow
  • Josh Brolin
  • Samuel L Jackson
Opening Week: Made $1.2 billion, decimating every box office record

Gross Earning: $2.8 billion

Gross Earning Pre-sales: $120-$140 million

The Russo brothers' poignant, powerful finale more than lives up to the hype: It's a thrilling conclusion and a deeply emotional exploration of loss and love, duty and honor, friendship and family. Written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, the story focuses on the remaining Avengers and their post-trauma lives. Each seems overwhelmed by their failure, so when they start to regroup, it's clear that they're far from the same confident, optimistic superheroes who thought they could defeat Thanos in Infinity War.
-Common Sense Media

Marketing: 

As well as promoting the Endgame trailer, it also effectively promoted the movie before it: Captain Marvel. Captain Marvel receives the spotlight in the second trailer through her interaction with Chris Hemsworth's Thor. Since Captain Marvel was still showing in the cinemas when the trailers came out, it was a clever move by Marvel as it gave people a reason to watch the movie so they were prepared for her appearance in Endgame.

With 32.5 million followers on Instagram, Marvel has a well established platform to publish content on. They catered their marketing materials specifically to individual channels, for example, using condensed snippets of trailers on Instagram with a link to the full video on YouTube.

Marvel was also consistent with the #AvengersEndgame hashtag being used on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook.

Many iterations of poster designs could be seen on Marvel's Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook pages. The stylish poster designs work perfectly on social media to engage fans and visually showcase the actors/characters in the film.

To capitalise on the audiences bereavement, Marvel has produced a series of images for social media juxtaposing the characters who survived with the ones who were sadly snapped out of existence (The trauma is still very real). 

A very simple idea but one that builds up anticipation as to whether the dusted characters will return or not and drives huge engagement.

Dusted Super Hero
Alive Superhero
Actors' Instagram pages
  • millions of follower
  • #whateverittakes
  • Avenge the fallen     
                                                                                                                                                       



Promotional partners included Stand Up to CancerMastercardUlta Beauty, the Audi e-tron GT concept car (which appears in the film), McDonald'sGEICOCoca-ColaGoogleGeneral MillsHertzZiplocOppo, and Synchrony Financial.[118]

In late December 2018, Endgame was listed as one of the most anticipated films of 2019, ranking second by IMDb, and first by Fandango and Atom Tickets.[157][158]

Due to the high demand when pre-sale tickets became available in the U.S. on April 2, 2019, customers on both Atom Tickets and Fandango experienced long wait times and system delays, while AMC Theatres' website and app crashed completely for several hours. 

That same day, Fandango announced the film became its top-selling pre-sale title for the first 24 hours, topping Star Wars: The Force Awakens's previous record in just six hours. Atom said the film was also the website's bestselling first-day film (outselling Aquaman (2018) by four times), and Regal Cinemas reported that Endgame had sold more tickets in its first eight hours than Infinity War did in its entire first week.[159] The film grossed $120–140 million in pre-sales alone.[134] The day prior to the film's release, Fandango announced it was its biggest pre-selling title of all time, beating The Force Awakens, with over 8,000 sold-out showtimes across the country.[160]

In India, the film sold one million tickets in just one day for the English, Hindi, Tamil, and Telugu language screenings; 18 tickets were sold every second.[134] In China, pre-sale tickets became available on April 12 and sold a record one million tickets in just six hours, outselling Infinity War's first 24-hour total within the first hour,[161] and made $114.5 million (RMB 770 million) just from pre-sales.[162]


Critical Response:

The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 94% with an average score of 8.20/10 based on 541 reviews.

The website's critical consensus reads, "Exciting, entertaining, and emotionally impactful, Avengers: Endgame does whatever it takes to deliver a satisfying finale to Marvel's epic Infinity Saga."[184]

Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 78 out of 100 based on 57 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[185] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a rare "A+" grade on an A+ to F scale, the third Marvel film to earn the score after The Avengers and Black Panther (2018), and those at PostTrak gave the film 5 out of 5 stars and an 85% "definite recommend".[166]

(Script: Archived)

*Due to COVID, people have been more present online, allowing film studios to have a larger outreach by promoting upcoming films on several platforms, mainly social media. For example, the first Spider-Man: No Way Home (teaser) trailer generated the largest 24 hour social media conversation volume of all time with 4.5 million mentions and has become the top most viewed movie trailer in the first 24 hours.*

Most viewed trailers:
  1. Spider-Man no way home: 355m views
  2. Avengers endgame #1: 289m views
  3. Avengers endgame #2: 268m views
  4. Avengers infinity war: 230m views
  5. the lion king: 224m views


Indie Film: Brooklyn

Trailer:


Date of Release: 25 November 2015

Budget: $11 million

Box Office: $62.1 million

Gross Earning: $38, 322, 743 (USA)
                         $62, 402, 155 (Worldwide)

Directors: John Crowley

Producers: Amanda Posey, Finola Dwyer 

Written by: Colm Tolbin, Nick Hornby

Distributed by: Lionsgate UK

A-list Actors:
  • Saiorse Ronan
  • Domnhall Gleeson
  • Emory Cohen
  • Jim Broadbent
  • Julie Walters

Critical Response:

Brooklyn received a standing ovation following its premiere at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival.[19] On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 97% based on 269 reviews, with an average rating of 8.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Brooklyn buttresses outstanding performances from Saoirse Ronan and Emory Cohen with a rich period drama that tugs at the heartstrings as deftly as it satisfies the mind."[20] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 88 out of 100, based on 45 critics, indicating "universal acclaim."[21] Audiences polled by PostTrak gave the film an overall positive score of 92% and over 80% said they would "definitely recommend" it.

Brooklyn was also named one of the best films of 2015, featuring on more than 120 "Top 10" film critics' lists.[37][6] It is ranked fourth on Rotten Tomatoes and fifth on Metacritic's best reviewed films of 2015.


A Film that did badly: The Interview

Trailer:


Date of Release : 25 December 2014

Budget: $44 million USD

Box Office: 12.3 million

Producers: Seth Rogen, Evan Goldberg, and James Weaver

Written by: Seth Rogen, Evan Goldberg, and Dan Sterling

Directors: Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg

Distributed by: Sony Pictures

A-List Actors:
  • James Franco
  • Randall Park
  • Eminem
  • Emma Stone
  • Nicki Minaj
  • Rob Lowe
Opening Week: $15 million

Gross Earning: $40 million

Distribution: 

The Interview was not released in Japan, as live-action comedy films do not often perform well in the market. In the Asia-Pacific region, it was released only in Australia and New Zealand.

Rogen predicted that the film would make its way to North Korea, stating that "we were told one of the reasons they're so against the movie is that they're afraid it'll actually get into North Korea. They do have bootlegs and stuff. Maybe the tapes will make their way to North Korea and cause a revolution. "Business Insider reported via Free North Korea Radio that there was high demand for bootleg copies of the film in North Korea. The South Korean human rights organizations Fighters for a Free North Korea and Human Rights Foundation, largely made up of North Korean defectors, planned to distribute DVD copies of The Interview via balloon drops. The groups had previously air-dropped offline copies of the Korean Wikipedia into North Korea on a bootable USB memory device. The balloon drop was scrapped after the North Korean government referred to the plan as a de facto "declaration of war.


Release:

The Interview's release was cancelled as fear, intimidation and threats of violence from cyberterrorists forced Sony to pull the plug on the release of the Interview. Those who attacked stole intellectual property, private emails, and sensitive and proprietary material, and sought to destroy their spirit and morale - all apparently to thwart the release of a movie they did not like.

Critical Response:

On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 51% approval rating, based on 154 reviews, with an average rating of 5.70/10. The site's consensus reads: "Unfortunately overshadowed by controversy (and under-screened as a result), The Interview's screenplay offers middling laughs bolstered by its two likable leads." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 52 out of 100, based on 33 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."

IGN's Roth Cornet wrote that "though it's unlikely to stand out as one of the shrewdest political satires of its time, [it] is a clever, unrestrained and—most importantly—sidesplitting parody that pokes fun at both a vapid media and one of the world's most dangerous dictators." Edward Douglas of ComingSoon.net said the film was "hilarious, but it will probably get us nuked." Jordan Hoffman of The Guardian gave the film three out of five stars and wrote that "if this unessential but agreeable movie really triggered an international response, this is life reflecting art in a major way."

Scott Foundas of Variety panned the film as "cinematic waterboarding" and "about as funny as a communist food shortage, and just as protracted", but praised the performances of Randall Park and Diana Bang.[18] Mike Hale of The New York Times also praised Park and Bang, but wrote that "after seeing The Interview and the ruckus its mere existence has caused, the only sensible reaction is amazement at the huge disconnect between the innocuousness of the film and the viciousness of the response."


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